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Néstor Carlos Kirchner ((:ˈnestoɾ ˈkaɾlos ˈkiɾʃneɾ); 25 February 195027 October 2010) was an Argentine politician who served as President of Argentina from 25 May 2003 until 10 December 2007. Previously, he was Governor of Santa Cruz Province since 10 December 1991. He briefly served as Secretary General of the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) and as a National Deputy of Argentina for Buenos Aires Province. Kirchner's four-year presidency was notable for presiding over a dramatic fall in poverty and unemployment, following the economic crisis of 2001,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Elections in Argentina: Cristina's Low-Income Voter Support Base )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Latin American Program )〕 together with an extension of social security coverage, a major expansion in housing and infrastructure, higher spending on scientific research and education, and substantial increases in real wage levels.〔() 〕 A Justicialist, Kirchner was little-known internationally and even domestically before his election to the Presidency, which he won by default with only 22.2 percent of the vote in the first round, when former president Carlos Menem (24.4%) withdrew from the ballotage. Soon after taking office in May 2003, Kirchner surprised some Argentinians by standing down powerful military and police officials. Stressing the need to increase accountability and transparency in government, Kirchner overturned amnesty laws for military officers accused of torture and assassinations during the 1976–1983 "Dirty War" under military rule.〔Human Rights Watch. January 2004. (Overview of human rights issues in Argentina ).〕 On 28 October 2007, his wife Cristina Fernández de Kirchner was elected to succeed him as President of Argentina. Thus, Kirchner then became the First Gentleman of Argentina. In 2008, during a government conflict with the agricultural sector, he became the President of the Justicialist Party. In 2009, he was elected a National Deputy for Buenos Aires Province. He was also appointed Secretary General of the Union of South American Nations on 4 May 2010.〔("Nestor Kirchner to Head South American Bloc" ) ''The New York Times''〕 Kirchner, who had been operated on twice in 2010 for cardiovascular problems, died at his home in El Calafate, Santa Cruz Province, on 27 October 2010, after reportedly suffering a heart attack.〔(Consternación por la muerte del ex presidente Néstor Kirchner ) 〕 For more than 24 hours, hundreds of thousands of people filed past Kirchner's body lying in state, in a state funeral at the Casa Rosada attended by several Argentine personalities and eight South American leaders.〔 On the afternoon of 29 October, a funeral procession accompanied Kirchner's body from Casa Rosada to the metropolitan airport and then from the airport of Río Gallegos to the cemetery where he was buried.〔 ==Early life== (詳細はRío Gallegos, in the Patagonian province of Santa Cruz. His mother, María Juana Ostoić Dragnić (1920-2013), was Chilean of Croatian descent and his father, also named Néstor (1917-1981), a post office official, was of Swiss-German descent. He received his primary and secondary education at local public schools, and his high-school diploma from the Argentine school ''Colegio Nacional República de Guatemala''. He was part of the third generation of the family living in Río Gallegos. He moved to La Plata to study law in 1969 at the National University there, joining the political student unions of Peronist ideology. He promoted the return of Juan Domingo Perón to the country and was present at the Ezeiza massacre.〔Amato, p.4-5〕 He graduated as ''juris doctor'' in 1976. That year he met Cristina Fernández, marrying her six months later. Kirchner returned immediately with his wife to Río Gallegos, to escape from the Dirty War and the 1976 Argentine coup d'état.〔Amato, p. 5〕 He established a law firm with the lawyer Domingo Ortiz de Zarate. Cristina Fernández joined the firm in 1979. The firm worked for banks and financial groups that filled eviction lawsuits, as the 1050 ruling of the Central Bank had increased the price of the mortgage loan's interests.〔 They also defended the police officer Gomez Ruoco, accused of violation of human rights during the Dirty War.〔 After the downfall of the military dictatorship and restoration of democracy in 1983, Kirchner became a public officer in the provincial government. The following year, he was briefly president of the Río Gallegos social welfare fund, but was forced out by the governor because of a dispute over financial policy. The affair made him a local celebrity and laid the foundation for his career.〔Council on Hemispheric Affairs, 27 January 2006. (Argentina's Néstor Kirchner: Peronism Without the Tears )〕 By 1986, Kirchner had developed sufficient political capital to be put forward as the PJ's candidate for mayor of Río Gallegos. He won the 1987 elections for this post by a slim margin of about 100 votes. Fellow PJ member Ricardo del Val became governor, keeping Santa Cruz firmly within the hands of the PJ. Kirchner's performance as mayor from 1987 to 1991 was satisfactory enough to the electorate and to the party to enable him to run for governor in 1991, where he won with 61% of the vote. By this time his wife was also a member of the provincial congress. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Néstor Kirchner」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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